The article describes the results of the latest studies focused on the mechanisms of resistance for endocrine therapy of ER+ luminal tumors and anti-HER2 therapy of HER2-positive tumors. Also the author gives an information about six molecular-genetic subtypes among triple-negative breast cancer (BC) concluding that more precise molecular-genetic tests of clinical subtypes (IHC) would improve planning of adequate treatment.

Morphological features of pituitary adenomas, into which stroma haemorrhages take place, have been established by authors of the article. Tinctorial, macro- and microscopic characteristics have been researched. By an immunohistochemical research a level of expression of VEGF, EGFR, cyclin D1, protein p53 had been determine, that allowed to suppose an immediate reason and pathogenesis of haemorrhages into pituitary adenomas.

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Many patients present with metastatic disease and traditional CT treatment fails to provide long- term benefit for most patients. Patients with driver mutations demonstrate substantially better response rate and progressionfree survival when the appropriate targeted agents are used, but only approximately 25%-30% of patients with NSCLC have actionable mutations. Novel treatment options are clearly needed for patients with lung cancer. Immuno-oncology recently has been identified as effective second line therapy of NCSLC. Almost all of this progress has been due to the development of PD‑1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we explore the data currently available for these agents.

The choice of tactics in the treatment of one of the most common types of cancer skin- melanomy- is currently an urgent task facing the cancer community. High activity of local growth and regional metastasis of melanoma, its capacity for dissemination and multiple distant metastases make this task extremely important factor, largely determining the course and outcome of disease. Metastatic melanoma skin requires complex treatment, one of whose components is the surgical method. This article analyzes the use of surgical treatment of distant metastases of melanoma, depending on the location, quantity and rate of growth, the nature and effectiveness of previous treatment, the patient’s general condition. The authors have shown the prospects of application of surgical treatment in the radical treatment of patients with distant metastases of melanoma, the effectiveness of this method in the palliative treatment of metastatic melanoma and important role in the treatment of distant metastases of melanoma in combination with other treatments.

On biopsy and surgical material of greatest difficulty in terms of differential morphological diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of various localizations are cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCK) and gepatocholangiocellular cancer (GCCK). Patients no history of myocardial indicated last parasitic or viral hepatitis. However, it should be noted that our observations both forms of cancer developing on the background cirrhosis.

In order to evaluate the incidence, clinical features and prognosis of cutaneous tumor metastases, the records of adult patients with melanoma treated over a thirteen year period were examined. The diagnosis of Melanoma skin metastases was established in 221 (11,3%) of 1,948 patients. Each diagnosis was histologically confirmed by evaluation of both the primary tumor and the skin. Metastatic cutaneous melanoma presented with a wide variety of lesions: satellite, thrombophlebitis-like, inflammatory and nodular. In some cases the combination of satellite and nodular metastases was observed. Cancer patients with cutaneous metastases have a poor prognosis: the median survival of these patients is reduced by almost a half in comparison with cancer patients without cutaneous metastases.

The paper presents the basic principles of performing immunohistochemical study biopsies in patients with focal lesions of the liver. The results of a comprehensive study of its own morphology and histogenesis of primary malignant liver tumors. The study immunogenotipa liver tumors has enabled us not only to clarify the histogenesis of the tumor, differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumors, but also in a number of observations to establish the localization of the primary tumor, which ensured the implementation of adequate surgery and determine the tactics of therapy.

Epidermal Grows factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most significant and studied signaling pathway, regulating growth, survival, proliferation and differentiation of mamllian cells. At the same time EGFR and its protein family play a central role in pathogenesis and progression of different type of tumors. In the 80-s, it was proposed that this signaling pathway could be the target for the therapy. Today there are 3 generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This drug class is actively used in clinical practice for therapy of patients with EGFR mutation positive advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Investigation of TKIs is continuing. In this review, the options of TKI use in the adjuvant setting and the 1st line treatment of advanced NSCLC are highlighted.

Developed and introduced into clinical practice methods of hepatic artery catheterization through the right gastro-omental artery and (or) the right gastric artery, which let you quickly and without risk of bleeding catheter set for different types of blood supply to the liver for selective intraarterial chemotherapy. After catheterization of hepatic artery own output stump artery with a catheter through a tunnel formed in the round ligament of the liver in kontraperturny puncture in the right upper quadrant and left in this state for the whole period of treatment, or set subcutaneous arterial port. Method angiostomy allow transport of anticancer drugs directly to the target organ, and on the other hand delimit the prepared arterial vessel from the free abdominal cavity. Selective intra-arterial chemotherapy on the described method was performed in 326 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. During or after treatment, complications occurred in 17 patients, accounting for 5.2%. In determining the extent of reactions NCI toxicity scale was used. The proposed method of treatment allows for selective intraarterial combination chemotherapy in patients with different variants of the blood supply to the liver. It is advisable in all cases produce a block lymphadenectomy gate liver exposing the structures of the celiac trunk and cholecystectomy. The proposed sequence of actions in the performance of selective intra-arterial chemotherapy can simultaneously take into account the anatomical variations, as well as to avoid possible mistakes and complications.

The possibilities and technique of using the radioactive colloid technetium99mTc “Tehnefit 99mTc” to identify and 35 biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes with their morphological examination during operations in patients with early breast cancer and melanoma were studied. The optimal dosage of the active volume and the features the injection of the radioactive colloid for sentinel lymph nodes biopsy using “Technetium99mTc” in patients with breast cancer and melanoma with the best results in the Trial № 1 was determined. The most reliable results of histological and cytological intraoperative examination of sentinel lymph nodes in the diagnosis of metastases was the best in using a combination of both methods. The results of Trials in using radioactive colloid technetium99mTc “Tehnefit 99mTc” to identify and biopsy with morphological examination of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with early breast cancer and melanoma did not display the same results that been compared to the special characteristics of their foreign counterparts, reflecting the impossibility of its use in the diagnosis of metastases in the lymph nodes.