The study included 26 patients with stage Ia1 – Ib1 cervical cancer who underwent organ-preserving surgery (transabdominal trachelectomy). To visualize sentinel lymph nodes, lymphoscintigraphy with injection of radioactive lymphotropic isotope, 99mTc-labelled nanocolloid, was performed the day before surgery. Intraoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes using gamma probe was carried out to assess which lymph nodes had taken up the radionuclide. Detection of sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer patients can accurately predict the pelvic lymph node status, assess the stage of the disease, individualize the extent of surgery and determine indications for organ-preserving surgery.

Using the device «Dermatoscope» manufactured by the company Scalar (Japan) facilitates the study of skin lesions with a possible magnification of up to x100 with the options of photographing and video recording and further archiving. Corresponding recommendations have been developed and indications have been determined for the application of the developed differential diagnosis algorithms in the clinical practice. All 235 patients underwent the diagnosis procedure carried out with the aid of the device «Dermatoscope» with a compulsory histologic examination of the patients subjected to surgery. The work presents basic signs typically detected in cases of nevocytic nevi, seborrheic keratosis, hemangioma, dermatofibroma.

The obtained results show that new methods of skin tumor diagnosis have been established. Such a diagnosis method should become the basic one utilized by practitioners for the detection of malignant skin tumors.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently detected malignancies worldwide. Incidence and mortality rates continue to grow steadily that is due, on the one hand, to the late disease diagnostics, and on the other hand – to the high distant metastases rate. More than a half of all metastatic colorectal cancer patients reveal distant liver metastases. The isolated liver lesions can be the only systemic disease manifestation when early cytoreduction allows the achievement of a significant increase in life expectancy, and in some cases – the complete recovery of such patients. However, so far there was no uniform treatment strategy of patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastases due to the heterogeneity of patients and the difficulties of selecting the treatment volume. The world’s leading experts have made an attempt to identify a number of prognostic factors for the selection of patients who have been considered suitable for an intensive treatment due to their metastatic disease. It is generally recognized that the conduction of combined treatment in these patients significantly improves survival but the choice of specific treatment and the timing of its application is still a subject of debates among experts. The authors present their own data concerning the methods and the results of metastatic colorectal cancer patients’ treatment.

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Genetic susceptibility to BC is heterogeneous including mutations with medium to high penetrance and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with low penetrance. Precise assessment of genetic risk would allow to personalize the programs of prevention and treatment of BC and to reduce mortality.

Objective. We aimed to determine the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs3817198 (LSP1), rs889312 (5q11), rs13281615 (8q24), rs13387042 (2q35), rs3803662 (16q12) in unselected group of BC patients and healthy women in Russian population, to reveal possible associations of these polymorphisms with BC development.

Subjects and methods. An unselected group of 963 patients with BC and control group of 591 healthy female blood donors were examined. Whole peripheral blood samples were used to extract genomic DNA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction with melting curves analysis was performed for SNP genotyping.

Results: Minor allele frequencies were as follows: 41.6±1.1% and 36.2±1.1% for rs2981582 (FGFR2), 35.3±1.1% and 34.3±1.1% for rs3817198 (LSP1), 39.3±1.1% and 43.7±1.1% for rs13387042 (2q35), 27.7±1.0% and 27.8±1.0% for rs889312 (5q11), 46.2±1.1% and 44.7±1.1% for rs13281615 (8q24), 35.7±1.1% and 29.9±1.1% for rs3803662 (16q12) in group of BC patients and group of healthy women respectively. The obtained ORs for BC were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.11–1.41; p=0.003) for rs2981582, OR=0.84 (95% CI, 0.69–0.98; p=0.02) for rs13387042 and OR=1.30 (95% CI, 1.14–1.45; p=0.002) for rs3803662.

Conclusion: We confirmed the associations of previously identified SNPs rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs13387042 (2q35) and rs3803662 (16q12) with BC in Russian population.

Acting via a cell surface receptor on integrin v 3, thyroid hormone is pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferating. Nongenomic mechanisms of actions of the thyroid hormones at v 3 include modulation of activities of intracellular messengers: mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase. Thyroid hormone may increase activity of factors that support neovascularization, cell motility and cell proliferation. There are clinical and epidemiological dates about impact induced hypothyroidism on the disease and survival in cancer patients in this review

Despite aggressive multimodal treatment prognosis for malignant gliomas remains poor. The low efficiency of conventional cytostatic therapy forced to look for alternative approaches to treatment. This review deals with active immunotherapy using tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. Vaccinotherapy may be carried out using tumor lysates or individual peptides, or mRNA. To improve the immunogenicity of vaccines dendritic cells and various immunoadjuvants are widely used. When using lysate vaccine in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme median progression-free survival is 9,5–18 months, and median overall survival is 16,25–35,9 months, significantly more than the historical control. Peptide vaccines to WT-1, survivin, mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHR132H), mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) are under investigation. Promising are the methods of vaccinotherapy against glioma stem cells antigens, cytomegalovirus antigens. The possibility of integration of immunotherapy in the existing treatment standards, as well as a combination of several immunotherapeutic strategies, has been studied extensively.

Cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is one of the most common cancer and is about 12–20% of malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs [4].

Currently, cervical cancer is the second largest in the world in the incidence of all cancers of the female reproductive system, and second place in the structure of cancer mortality in women aged under 45 years, second only to breast cancer [10, 11, 12].

The article presents the experience of treating severe group of patients with proximal tumors of the biliary tract with lesions of the hepatic ducts. Of 1170 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for neoplastic lesions of the bile ducts, in 212 cases, stenting is performed when the tumor Klatskin, metastatic liver lesions and lymph nodes of the hepatoduodenal ligament. Used two-stage method of restoring patency of the bile ducts, in which the endoprosthesis was performed in most cases after a preliminary external decompression of biliary hypertension. In 207 cases was installed 2 stent in hepatic duct, in 5 cases – 3 stent. The authors have developed an algorithm for the management of patients in the postoperative period to prepare the patient for a possible radical surgical intervention, resulting in 6 cases it was possible to perform liver resection. In the postoperative period after radical surgery 1 patient died, after stenting operations in proximal tumor of the bile ducts mortality was 11.8%. The authors showed the effectiveness of minimally invasive technologies for restoring the patency of the tumor affected the hepatic ducts, which increases the median survival of patients with proximal tumors of the bile ducts, and also prepare a small group of patients for radical surgery.

This article tells about changes in hemostasis due to various factors (colorectal cancer surgery – 24 patients, 27 patients after radiochemotherapy, simultaneous operations on liver and intestines in patients with metastases of colorectal cancer – 24 patients). The evaluation of hemostatic factors and clinical data could prove instability in hemostasis in various groups and the possibility of either thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications. The majority of abnormalities was proven to be in simultaneous operations on colon and liver, especially extensive liver resections. The coagulation profile should be continiously monitored when you deal with thromboembolism prophylaxis.